Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs have no rules for conjugation. These can only be learnt in context - sorry!
They all have a base form. e.g. to run
A gerund (ing) form where ing is added to the end of the verb. e.g. running
An -s form where s is added to the end of the verb. e.g. runs
A past tense form which must be learnt. e.g. ran
A past participle form which must be learnt. e.g. run
Present |
Past |
Past Participle |
| be |
was, were |
been |
| become |
became |
become |
| begin |
began |
begun |
| blow |
blew |
blown |
| break |
broke |
broken |
| bring |
brought |
brought |
| build |
built |
built |
| burst |
burst |
burst |
| buy |
bought |
bought |
| catch |
caught |
caught |
| choose |
chose |
chosen |
| come |
came |
come |
| cut |
cut |
cut |
| deal |
dealt |
dealt |
| do |
did |
done |
| drink |
drank |
drunk |
| drive |
drove |
driven |
| eat |
ate |
eaten |
| fall |
fell |
fallen |
| feed |
fed |
fed |
| feel |
felt |
felt |
| fight |
fought |
fought |
| find |
found |
found |
| fly |
flew |
flown |
| forbid |
forbade |
forbidden |
| forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
| forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
| freeze |
froze |
frozen |
| get |
got |
gotten |
| give |
gave |
given |
| go |
went |
gone |
| grow |
grew |
grown |
| have |
had |
had |
| hear |
heard |
heard |
| hide |
hid |
hidden |
| hold |
held |
held |
| hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
| keep |
kept |
kept |
| know |
knew |
known |
| lay |
laid |
laid |
| lead |
led |
led |
| leave |
left |
left |
| let |
let |
let |
| lie |
lay |
lain |
| lose |
lost |
lost |
| make |
made |
made |
| meet |
met |
met |
| pay |
paid |
paid |
| quit |
quit |
quit |
| read |
read |
read |
| ride |
rode |
ridden |
| ring |
rang |
rung |
| rise |
rose |
risen |
| run |
ran |
run |
| say |
said |
said |
| see |
saw |
seen |
| seek |
sought |
sought |
| sell |
sold |
sold |
| send |
sent |
sent |
| shake |
shook |
shaken |
| shine |
shone |
shone |
| sing |
sang |
sung |
| sit |
sat |
sat |
| sleep |
slept |
slept |
| speak |
spoke |
spoken |
| spend |
spent |
spent |
| spring |
sprang |
sprung |
| stand |
stood |
stood |
| steal |
stole |
stolen |
| swim |
swam |
swum |
| swing |
swung |
swung |
| take |
took |
taken |
| teach |
taught |
taught |
| tear |
tore |
torn |
| tell |
told |
told |
| think |
thought |
thought |
| throw |
threw |
thrown |
| understand |
understood |
understood |
| wake |
woke (waked) |
woken (waked) |
| wear |
wore |
worn |
| win |
won |
won |
| write |
wrote |
written |
LIE versus LAY
| Present |
Past |
Past Participle |
| lie, lying (to tell a falsehood) |
I lied to my mother. |
I have lied under oath. |
| lie, lying (to recline) |
I lay on the bed because I was tired. |
He has lain in the grass. |
| lay, laying (to put, place) |
I laid the baby in her cradle. |
We have laid the dishes on the table. |
After laying down his weapon, the soldier lay down to sleep.
Will you lay out my clothes while I lie down to rest?
SIT versus SET
| Present |
Past |
Past Participle |
| sit (to be seated or come to resting position) |
I sat in my favorite chair. |
You have sat there for three hours. |
| set (to put or place) |
I set my glass on the table. |
She has set her books on my desk again. |
Let's set the table before we sit down to rest.
RISE versus RAISE
| Present |
Past |
Past Participle |
| rise (steady or customary upward movement) |
The balloon rose into the air. |
He has risen to a position of power. |
| raise (to cause to rise) |
They raised their hands because they knew the answer. |
I have raised the curtain many times. |
The boy raised the flag just before the sun rose.
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