GRAMMAR QUESTION - OPEN V CLOSED

[linden]

Why do we say
 The shops ARE OPEN and The shops WERE OPEN.
                             but
The shops ARE CLOSED and The shops WERE CLOSED.

OPEN / CLOSED - ADJECTIVES OR PASSIVE OR?

[Anjalisiddu]

ADJECTIVES

[younus]

hi ,iam new ,but i dontt

[bookwormada]

In the first statement, OPEN & CLOSE were used as Adjectives but as Verbs in the second.
Closed, the past participle (PSP) form of the verb CLOSE (also the past tense form, but it's the past participle that we're interested in here).  In fact, there are two possibly relevant verbs CLOSE here: intransitive CLOSE, denoting a change of state, from not-closed to closed (The flower closed at dusk); change-of-state verbs are often called "inchoative" verbs; and transitive CLOSE, denoting a causing (by some agent, usually but not always human) of this change of state (I closed the gate at dusk); such verbs are sometimes called "causative-inchoative" verbs, or more often just "causative" verbs.

The Past Participle of a state-change verb can be used as an adjective that denotes the property of being in that state, without any implication of change.  In particular, closed can be used as a "pure stative" adjective: The window is closed at the moment doesn't require that the window was ever open (it might have been built in a closed state), and The flower is closed doesn't require that the flower was ever open (it might not yet have opened, and maybe never will), and someone with a closed mind might never have had an open one (and might never have one).

Since there's no adjective close in English, the stative adjective closed gets to fill its slot in the pattern, serving as the opposite of the (morphologically simple) adjective open.

Reference: http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/005503.html. Hope this helps!

[Praveen]

Why do we say
 The shops ARE OPEN and The shops WERE OPEN.
                             but
The shops ARE CLOSED and The shops WERE CLOSED.

OPEN / CLOSED - ADJECTIVES OR PASSIVE OR?

[Nancy]

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[AndyR2000]

Why do we say
 The shops ARE OPEN and The shops WERE OPEN.
                             but
The shops ARE CLOSED and The shops WERE CLOSED.

OPEN / CLOSED - ADJECTIVES OR PASSIVE OR?

I would say Adjective

[Bunty]

Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead.

To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to close the eyes; to close a door.

Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed.

To bring together the parts of; to consolidate; as, to close the ranks of an army; often used with up.

Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea.


To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to close a bargain; to close a course of instruction.

Bunty

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